Method of and apparatus for extracting rind oil from citrus fruits



J) MILL-5 March 2%, 193%.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING RTND OIL FROM CITRUS FRUITS Fil ed Sept. 30, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Snnentor JOHN M/Zls My T J. MELLSZAMJM) METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACT ING RIND OIL FROM CITRUSFRUITS March 28, 193%.

Filed Sept. 30, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 JOH/VM/ZLS Gttorucgs 'Marcl128,1939. J. MILLS 2,151,710

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING RIND OIL FROM CITRUS FRUITS FiledSept. 30, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Imventor Patented 2s, .1 39

mrrnon or raaorma nmn rams PATENT ,ZOFF'I-CE I OIL FROM CITRUS mm Mills,Santa Ana, aasignor a crown can Company; Philadelphia, Pa, a corporationor Pennsyl Application September 30, 1935, No. 42,870 V 190kbps.

This invention relates to the art ofextracting rind oil from citrusiruits. It is particularly concerned with new and improved apparatus andwith a new and improved method for treating whole citru'sfruits toremovethe rind oil from the oil cells of the fruit. and to recover such oil.

Heretofore methods have been proposed to extract rind oil from citrusfruits but, so far as I am aware, each such method has involved certainimportant disadvantages which militatedgreatly against commercial use ofthe method.

'One method which has been proposed for ex tracting rind oil consistedof cutting the whole citrusfruit into two or more parts, removing thejuice from the juice cells and then squeezing the remaining parts whichconsisted primarily of the outer covering of the fruit to press out therind oil. According to another proposed method the 7 fruit was peeledand the hull was pressed between rollers. These methods resulted in alow yield of rind oil, partly because much of the oil was absorbed bythe albedo or white part of the hull or fruit covering, and partlybecause the rind oil was contaminated with pectin Irom the albedo andother substances including some of usually present. Hence, these methodsyielded a small amount of rind oil and required considerable expense inrecovery of the oil.

Another method, which has been proposed, was to subject the whole.citrus fruit to heavy pressure, thereby squeezing out much of the rindoil, as well as much of the fruit juice.' This method possessed most ofthe disadvantages of.

the above described method. U

The present invention avoids all thedisadvantages'of the prior proposedmethods and possesses the advantage of more or less completelyliberating all the rind oil, preventing any material absorption of suchoiliby the albedo, and providing a mixture of oil and a suitable liquid,such as water, which mixture is sufficiently tree from contaminatingsubstances so that substantially all the rindoil may be readily andcheaply separated from the mixture. Thus, the present method is capableof producing a yield of rind oil which is large as compared to "theamount produced by prior methods, and is capable of producing thislarger yield with less expense in separation of the oil from themixtures contain- (Cl. raw-as) a ing it and other liquids, such aswater. By this method the yield of oil has thus been greatly increasedand the cost of production has been greatly decreased both as comparedwith prior processes. Moreover, the present method may be carried out onwhole fruit without openi the hull or removing any of the fruit juice,and

the whole fruit, after extraction of the rind oil, is in a condition forsubsequent extraction of the juice in a form which is suitable for thehighest grade to which the fruit is suitable before extraction 9f therind oil.

Apparatus embodying the present invention difiers radically from theapparatus proposed io'r'usewith the prior described processes, and iscapable of extracting rind oilirom whole citrus fruit while leaving thefruit juice cells unopened and unchanged, so that the fruit juice may besubsequently removed as readily as has been done heretofore on wholefruit from which rind oil has not been'extracted, thereby making itpossible to extract separately rind oil and fruit juice withoutcommingling the same and without contaminating either withsubstanceswhich wouldharmiully or disadvantageously affect them.

The present invention will be understood by those skilled in the artfrom the following detailed description of embodiments thereof,reference being made to theattached drawings, in which, 1

Figure 1' is a side elevation of gapparatus embodying the presentapparatus invention and with which the present method invention may bepracticed;

Figure 2 is a top plan view or the apparatus 01' Figure .1; a Figure 3is a transverse cross-sectional view takenonlineHoIFigure2y Figured is afragmentary enlargedcross-sectional view taken on line 4-1-4 of Figure2; and,

Figure5 is a modified form of apparatus enibodying the present apparatusinvention and with which the present method invention may be practiced;and,

Figure 6 shows a further modified apparatus.

Referring first to Figures 1, 2 and 3, I designates a suitablesupporting bed on which rests a. framework consisting of cross arms 2and posts 3 and 4. Posts 3 carry two'similar units altho one unitor morethan two units may heemployed. Only one unit will be described invdetail. At their upper ends, one set of'posts 3 carries a bearinghousing 5, within which a hollow cylindrical shaft 6 is mounted,bearings i being located between the housing and the shaft and its 8within the housing. The ring t is provided get I. the-latter gear beingdriven froma moother-souroe of power (not shown) thru f 1. eachabr'ading surface andmay consist of athin of metal Ila,x'eferablystainless steel, hav 8 lglulfll-lltyfof short projections Ilbextending a peripheral gear I which-meshes with a' ength in the unit atI gear I2 thereon and gear I3 meshingunit is covered ,on its means' foropening oil cells of. means has a' roughened or Y upwardly, more orl'ess completely covering its,

7 a plurality of adjacent small openings thru the sheet, as will bedescribed presently in more detail in connection with Figure 4. 'tahlcIl of each unit is preferably nrovided'with radially extending openingstherethru and with a plurality of smaller holes, as will also, be I APasta: support, at their upperiendalt imam? work ch-mayopnsist of angleironsan the for rner sides and the latter constitutingcross sleoes of aframework above each of the tables I4. over each unit, spider-likestructure .I'I, ffrom whichflvy mear'uof angles II or equivalent means,

members Il may be suspended. These members II extend from shortdistanoi: above the top of the tabla Il to apoint a number of inchesthereabove, and preferably are sufiiciently high framework supports,

to prevent whole citrus fruit from .escaping from the curved pathdefined by the members It and the tables I thru which the fruit isintended to' Themembers I! having a vertical height of six or eightinches near the, outer periphery 6f tables-1|, have been foundto-be'sufilcient1y high when the tables I4 were about 6 feet indiameterand rotated at about 100 revolutions per; minute, hutit will helmderstoodithet the height of membersd lmay be changed as desired.Members ls areshown in 2 and 3 each as of a single thickness of thin;strip steel curved srlrallyso as'to providea-curved passage defined bythe members and tables. It and extending between the central portion ofeach table and itsouter periphery. straight pieces 2! of similar stripsteel are attached tan: lentlally to the-outer turns of each member I.

r and extend ac'romthe small space between tfloles I where they are mostnearly in contact. M'em f tions and covering the top surface of tables IBide frame members II also support a rin roll-receiving pan 2| whichextends from housings I, below tables; to well' above the-top surfaces:of the tables, the bottom of this pan being Drefer'jably sloped towardthe outer extremitiesv thereof, where be g.

As indicatedin oneor'more drain spouts flrnay '3, the bed 1, togetherwith all the apparatus supported thereon, is tilted- In l lsa'l an'd 2,It indicates suitable means ring jyto facilitate rotation of the such asa chute. thru which whole citrus fruit may be delivered to the left handtable, wliile- It indicates a- .chute thru which fruit delivered, fromthe right hand table Ilmaypass. It will be noted from the directionarrows appearing on Figure 2, that the fruit delivered from chute 23travels outwardly from the-central part of the left hand table I4between turns of members I9. thence between members 20 totheouter-periphery of the right hand table I4, and thence between turns ofmember I9 to theopen central portion of the. right hand table II, wherethe fruit may fall thru the hollow shaft 6 into chute 24. It will beunderstood, therefore, that the tables I 4 preferably rotate'in oppositedirections, altho V desired. It will also be understood that thedirection of travel ofzthe fruit maybe reversed if desired. I In Figure1 is shown apipe 25 and nozzles 26 thru which water or othersuitabieliquid may be sprayed onto the tops of tables I4 and onto fruitbeing treated during operation of, the apparatus. Any desired number ofsuch nomles may be used.

' "Figure 4 shows, fragmentarily, an enlarged sec- ;tion of table Il'andthe .thln sheet metal covering Ila thereon. This sheet Ila is whatiscommonly referred to in the trade as fillet", that is,

, it is thin sheet or strip steel, 9. large part of which isprovidedwith a plurality of very short projections Ilb usually-formed bypunchlngsmall holes thru .the sheet. These projections aresufllciently'long to penetrate into the oil cells of citrus fruit butarenot long enough to penetrate thru the hull and into the Juice cells. Theholes are suillcientlylarge to permit rind oiland other suitable liquid,such as water, to flow therethru, carrying with it such small particlesof the rind as may be removed during operation of the machine. Holes 21extendingthru table I 4 are pro-; vided and each is located under one ormore of the small holes 28 of sheet Ila. Larger, generallyradiallyextending holes ll extend thru'table I4, partly to decrease the rotatingmass of each vided with a'plurality'of short inwardly extend ihgprojections and holes, in other v'vordsffillet, material which, however,x15 thick enough etc .chute l serves todeliver whole-citrus fru1t;-tothe ldyer end of cylinder 32 .while chute 34 serves to conjiey the fruitaway from the. o ner end of c the cylinder. Within cylinder}! shaft 3|is provided with projections preferably arranged in the formof a helixand defining, with cylinder v 32, a curved path for whole frultto travelthru composed of thin stainless steel withshort proc'jections andhdles,--in other'words, fillet matee rial of the necessary strength.Water "or other suitable liquid may be ,sprayed into .the top end ofthe'cylinder fl-from nozzle 3 and rind oil and withstand the impact offruit therettgainst. A

the cylinder 32. These fins "are preferablysuch liquid may escape thruxashoot 31" at the bottom of cylinder.

notation of shaft at in the indielusive, wholecitrus fruit is dischargedthru' the cylinder 32 at the top of cylinder 32 into trough 34;

My preferred method may be briefly described as including the steps, ofimparting a high velocity and centrifugal'force to whole citrus fruitand advancing it within a limited space wherein it may roll, turn andbounce about,-repeatedly m bringing the rapidly moving fruit intocontact with abutments having projections to open the rind oil cells ofthe fruit, removing the rind oil thus liberated, delivering the fruit inwhole form largely free from rind oil, collecting the rind oil." andfinally separating it from liquidswith which it may be mixed orassociated.

In carrying out the method of the present invention with the apparatusof Figs. 1 to 4 in chute 23 onto the central portion of the left handtable II; while both tables are rotating at a high speed, for example,between about '75 and l 100 R. P. M in the case of a table 6 feet indiameter, cover plate l serving to direct the fruit into.=the spacebetween the first two turns of members l9. Rotation of the table impartsangular velocity and centrifugahforc'e to the fruit-and at the same timecauses it to travel between turns of member IS. The inclination of thetables permits gravity forces also to act on the fruit The space betweenturns of member I9 is greater than the largest size of fruit to iLi betreated, so that the fruit may move and shift about, bounce, turn androll about various axes 'within this limited'spac under the influence ofcentrifugal and -gravityiorces, andfrictional engagement of the tablesand members I! therewith. As the fruit thus bounces, turns and rolls,within such limited spaces, its velocity is greatly increased and it isrepeatedly thrown against, and brought into contact with, theprojections on the abutments composed of members, I9 and I 4a. In thismanner substantially all parts of the surface of each fruit is broughtinto contact repeatedly with. the projections Nb and the oil cells arethereby opened to release the rind oil.

The fruit which has progressed to" the outer periphery of left handtable "i4 is transferred to the outer periphery of the right hand tableI l rotating in the=opposite direction and is similarly moved to theinner portion of the latter table from which point it escapes thru-thehollow shaft 26 into chute 24. When the oil cells are opened; puncturedor ruptured by the projections I lb onthe fillet material, and the rindoil is released, certain hig hlyvolatile constituents. thereofimmediately escape into the air. Other volatile constituents arereleased but can be recovered by spraying a suitable liquid, such aswater, onto the fruit, tables I l andmembers l9 during the time the oilcells are being opened.

Such liquid serves to wash the fruit, thus avoid- 'ing a prior washingstep ,but principally serves the purpose of washing the rind oil fromthe opened cells'and into the pan 2|. Since rind oil and water arenot'readily miscible, the mixture of oil and water,col1ected in'pan 2!may be drawn ofi and later separated.

important advantage of the present in-,

vention is that substantiallyall the rind. oil may be removed from wholecitrus fruit without any substantial loss of such oil by absorption ofit by the albedo or white part of the hall or fruit coveringf and-therind oil so obtained is capable of ready and inexpensive separation fromthe thru chute 33 and discharge it'v of rind oil remained readilyaltered for batch operation. necessary to use the left hand unit and toreplace water which is usedto remove the oil from the open oil cells. A

Another important advantage is that the whole fruit is not afiected insu'ch away that the fruit juice may not be extracted thereafter in any5Q extraction of the juice, according to the first above described priormethod, can be treated by this, method for removal of the rind oil and.later treated for extraction of the fruit juice. This is due to the factthat the rind oil may be extracted by this invention from very smallsized fruit as readily as from large sized fruit. Often small fruit hasmore. and better juice than large fruit. 7

Another important advantage is that thesrind oil. extracted by thisinvention is not contaminated with fruit juice, any substantial amountof pectin or other substances which make it difiicult or expensive toseparate and recover the-rind. oil from the mixture.

Another advantage of the invention is, the extremely high speed withwhich rind oilmay be extracted r from citrus ,fruits. With apparatus asabove described, the oil may be e'xtractedfrom many hundreds of piecesof fruit per minute and the process may be continuous. No hand labor isrequired and only a minor amount of personal supervision of theapparatus is needed.

As a result of tests made to determine the amount of rind oil remainingin fruit,treated according to the present invention, it has been foundthat practically no recoverable amount in the fruit hulls after-being sotreated. i The apparatus of Figure 4 may be employed to carry out. themethod of this invention. The

trifu'gal, gravity and frictional-forces, striking against the abutmentsconsisting of the cylinder fruit delivered into the bottom of cylinder32 is and the fins with considerable force and with resultant opening ofthe'oil cells. Liquid sprayed into the cylinder by nozzles 36 serves .towash 7 the rind from the opened cells and to condense v or entrap someof the less highly volatile constituents of the oil, this mixture of oiland water being collected as thru spout 31 in a formfrom which the oilmay be readily separated. The

fruit discharged from the top-of cylinder -32'is suitable for extractingthe juice therefrom.

A Altho adapted 'forcontinuous operation of the process, the apparatusof Figs. 1 to 3 may be It is only members [9 by one or more concentriccircular members 38 composed of similar material, one

tional forces to the whole fruit thus resulting in j opening of, the oilcells, r i

Havin thus described-my invention' sdthat :bdnseeoneeinnartw thoseskilled in theart maybe able to understand-and practice the same, whatIdesire to secureby Letters Patent is defined in what is claimed.

5 Whatisclainied is:

1. The method of'xtracting rind il from orrus fruits which, includes thesteps of continuously moving whole citrus fruit in a stream through apath of travel at high velocity, causing the'fruit to-berepeatedlythrown and bounced into contact with stationary all cellopening abutmentsin said path, without causing the fruit to,

be continuously pressed against the abutments to tear the rindtherefrom, while turning the fruit to bring substantially its entireexternal area into contact with the 'abutments, thereby op ning thisrind all cells in the fruit and libersting the rind oil therefromwithout removing the hull ironr the fruit, continuously collecting therind oil from'the thus opened cells and contindischarging from the pathin whole form 9 the fruit iron! which the rind .oil has thus beenrelanoved. rus ts which includes the steps of continuously mowhole-citrus fruit in a stream through a curved path of travel at highvelocity, subjecting the fruit to centrifugal force and causing it to berepeatedly thrown and-bounced into contact with stationary all cellopening abutments in said path. without causing the fruit to becontinuously against the abutments to tear the rind stantially its.entire external area into 'contact stantaneous contact with all cellopening projectionson thewalls of the path with sumcient force to,puncture the rind'oil cells of the fruit and liberate the rind'oilthbrefroln withoutrtearing the thefruit, and thereby impartingfrictional forces to the fruittoturn thesameiandbrlngsubstantiallyitsentireezternalareainto as contact with theprojectiom, mm

:l'atedrlndoiland,dr'lhemethod'olqxtractinfrindoilfromoitduklthestepaoilmparting thefruit tobe rotated on varibu'saxesanrepeatedlythrownsndboimcedintocontact with us. ailments on atleast oneor said suchm ent'without continuouslyfpressing thetear the rindtherefrom whereby.

the entire external area of the fruit,is brought a 5 Ilntoeonteot withthe abutments thereby opening the .l'intLoil cells in the fruit'andliberating the 'rind oiltherefrom,disoharging'theliberatedrind oilthus-opened cells. and'discharging froln'the-pa thin whole form thefruit from which gthsrindoilhas thusbeenremoved; I

ating the rind oil therefrom, spraying liquid onto lhemthod of rind oilfrom cit- ,therefrom, while turning the fruit to bring subwith theabutments, thereby opening the'rind oil dischargingdisoharginathefruitinwhole against the abutmentilto 5. The method 'ofextracting rind oil from citrus fruits which includes the steps-bfimpartins high velocity to theii-uit and moving the same within wallsdefining a path of travel, said path being defined in part by stationarywalls, caus- 5 ing the fruit to berotated on various axes and to berepeatedly thrown and bounced into contact with oil cell openingabutments on at least one of said walls during such movement withoutcontinuously pressing the fruit against the abutments to tear the rindtherefrom, whereby sub? stalitially the entire external area of thefruit is brought into contact with the abutments, thereby opening therind 011 cells in the fruit and liberthe fruit to wash away thethusliberated rind oil, collecting the mixture of liquid and rind oil, anddischarging from the path in whole form the fruit from which the rindoil has thus been re- .moved.

6. Apparatus for extracting rind oil from whole -citrus fruits whichincludes movable and sta;

tionary means forming an enclosure having walls defining a path oftravel for the whole fruit, the

' walls of saidenclosure being spaced transversely ofsaid path adistance materially greater than, the largest dimension of the fruitbeing treated, said path oftravel of the fruit between said walls 'beingunobstructed .to permit the fruit to move freely therein, rind oil cellopening projections 'on said means, said projections being of a lengthsumcient to penetrate the rind oil cellsiof the fruit but being ofinsufilcient length to penetrate the Juice cells of the fruit, nieansformoving said I movabe means toe the fruit through its path of travel athigh velocity to cause it to be repeatedly thrown and'bounced in saidenclosure 3 into oil cell opening contact with said projections,

' "whole citrus \fruit which includes rotatable and stationary meansforming an enclosure having bottom 'ahd',side walls defining a curvedpath of t travel for the whole fruit, the walls of said enclosure beingspaced transversely 'of'said path of travel a distance materiallygreater than the liirgest dimension. of the fruit bing treated, saidpath of-travel of the fruit between said walls beingunobstructedtopern'lit the fruit to move freely therein, oil cellopening projections on said means along said path of'travel,saiQprolections of suillcient length to penetrate the rind all cells 'ofthe butpf insufllcient length to penetrate the juice cells of thefruitfand 'means I for imparting hi h velocity to said rotatable meansto carry the fruit tlufouglnits path or. t'ravel while subjecting ittomentrlfugal force and 0 causing it'to berepeatedly thrown and bouncedI in said enclosure into oil cell openi contact with said psoiections,the fruit being th reby repeatedlyturn'edfto bring substantially itsentire external area into con untans forcollecting the rind oil thusliberated I bysaid proiections. I 8; Apparatus io'r extracting rind oilfrom' whole citrus frult'which includes a rotatable table having oilcell openlng projections on the surface, thereof, stationary meanshaving oil cell opening 5 1 projections'thereon. said stationary meanshaving walls deflningwith said'table a curved path of travel for thewhole fruit, said walls being spaced of said path of travel a dis-,

tact with said projections. and g I A 2,151,710 tance materially greaterthan the largest di mension of the fruit being treated, and said path oftravelyof the fruit between said walls being 'unobstructed to permit thefruit to move freely therein, and means for rotating said table, therebyto impart high'velocity to the whole fruit thereon and to subject saidfruit to centrifugal force andmove it along said path-and freely betweensaid walls into oil cell opening contact with said projections.

, 9; Apparatus for extracting rind oil from whole citrus fruit whichincludes a rotatable table having oil-cell-opening projections thereon,astationary member disposed above the table having oil-cell-openingprojections thereon and being] curved spirally to define, together withthe table,

a curved path of travel for'the whole fruit which path is larger incross section than the largest thereon a high velocity and to move italong said path and into oil-cell-open'ing contact with saidprojections, and means for collecting the rind oil liberated from thefruit by said projections.

- whole citrus fruit which includes two rotatable whole citrus fruitwhich includes adjacent rotatable tables having oil-cell-opening projec-10. Apparatus for extracting-rind oil from tables having'oil-cell-opening projections on their surfaces, stationary membersdisposed over the tables and shaped to form, together with the tablesfacurved path of travel for whole citrus fruit, within which the fruit mayhave a. limited movement, said stationary members having oilcell-openingprojections thereon, stationary means connecting the p'ath of one tablewith the path ofthe other table so that whole citrus fruit may pass fromone table to the other, said path of travel of the whole fruit beingunobstructedto I permit the fruit to move freely therein, means todeliver whole citrus fruit to one of the tables,

means by which whole citrus fruit may be discharged from the othertable, means' to rotate the tables and thereby to'impart movement towhole citrus fruit thereon and to bring about con tact ofthe whole fruitand said projections with oil-cell-opning force, and means for collcting the rind oil liberated fro'mthe fruit by sai pro-' jections.

11. Apparatus'for extracting rind oil from whole citrus fruitwhich'includes two adjacent rotatable tables having oil-cell-penetratingprojections on their top surfaces, stationary members disposed over eachtable,' said stationary members extending spirally between the centraland outer parts of each table to define curved paths of largercross-sectional area than the maximum dimensions of the whole fruit tobe treated, said stationary'members having oil-cellpenetratingprojections thereon, stationary means'connecting the curved stationarymembersiwhere thetables are closely adjacent to each other, said meansserving to connect the path over one table with the corresponding pathover the other table, said paths being unobstructed to permit the wholefruit to move freely-therein, means to deliver whole citrus fruit ontothe top of one table, means to discharge whole fruit from the top of theother table, means for rotating the tables to advance the whole citrusfruit, along said path at high velocity and thereby to bring such fruitand said projections into contact with oil-cell-opening force, 'andmeans for collecting the rind oil liberated from the fruit-by saidprojections. w

' define the sides of a path of travel for whole "the adjacent'tableandsimultaneously to bring 12. Apparatus r01- extracting rind oil fromwhole citrus fruit which includes two adjacent rotatable tables havingoil-cell-penetrating'projections on their top suriaces, stationary mem-.bers disposed over each table, said stationary 6 members extendingspirally between the central and outer parts of each table to definecurved paths of larger cross-sectional area than the maximum dimensionsof the whole fruit to be treated, said stationary members havingoil-cell; 1'0

penetrating projections thereon, stationary means connecting the curvedstationary members where the tables are closely adjacent toeach other,said means serving to connect the path;

over one table with the corresponding path over 15 the other table, saidpaths being'unobstructe'd to permit the whole fruit to move freelytherein,

means to deliver whole citrus fruit onto the top .of the first table,means to discharge whole fruit from the top of the second table, meansfor ro- 20 tating the tables to advance the whole citrus fruit alongsaid path at high velocity, thereby to bring such fruit and saidprojections into 'oil-cellopening contact, means for spraying liquidonto the fruit while traversing said path towash 25 the rind oil awayfrom the open cells, and means for collecting-the mixture of rind oil'and liquid.

13.-Apparatus for extracting rind oil from tions on their top surfaces,stationary members disposed over each of said tables, each such membercurving spirally between the central part and the outer part of eachtable and'serving to such whole fruit forcibly into oil-cell-openingcontact with said projections, and means for collecting the rindoilliberated from the fruit by said; projections. I

14. Apparatus for extracting rind oil from b whole citrus fruit whichincludes'two adjacent rotatable tables having oil-cell-openingprojections on their top surfaces, stationary members disposed over eachof said tables, each such member curving spirally between the centralpart and the outer partof each table, and serving to define the sides ofa path of travel for whole citrus fruit on the table, said stationarymembers having oil cell opening projections thereon,- stationary meanstangentially joining outer turns of the two stationary members where thetables are most closely adjacent, said path of travelbeing unobstructedto permit thewhole fruit to move freely therein, means to rotate saidtables in opposite directions, thereby, to propel whole citrus fruit athigh velocity along said path from the central portion to the outerportion of one table, thence onto the outer portion ofthe othertable andthe fruit and tables while the whole fruit is traversing said path, andmeans for collecting the mixture of water and rind oil.

t 15. Apparatus for whole fruits comprising a pair of tables positionedadjacent to one another, means for rotating said tables, enclosureforming members disposed over the tables and shaped to form" tbcicwithan enclosure having walls defining a path or travel for the-rruit aroundeach table and from one tablejto the other, end pathoi'travel oitbewhole iruit between saidwails being uncipsure defining a pathoitravelfor around each table, andi'rom the table to another, said path 0'1travel or whole fruit being- 0110mm the fruit-'to m freely itin to theperiphery of the suc-" path-oi travelodthewhole' fluit'betwemsaidwallsbeingtmobstn1ctedto- 12,151,710 and oil fromby said proiecti the" fruitwhole i'ruits comprising a table, enclosure torming members disposedover the table and shaped to form therewith an enclosure having wallsdefilling a path of travel for the fruit around'said table, the walls ofsaid enclosure being spaced transversely of said path a 'ce materiallygreater thanthe'largest dimension oi the fruit being treated, aplurality of oil cell-opening projections on one of said wallsthroughout a substantial extent of said path, said path of travel oithewhole fruit between said wallsbeing un-. obstructed to permit the fruitto move freely therein, means for rotating said table to carry thefruit-through its path'oi" traveland roll it freely in said enclosurebringing substantially the entire surface of the whole fruit into 011cell opening contact with said projections, and means for collecting therind oil extracted trom the fruit 19.v Apparatus g whole citrus "mutewhich includes movable and or 611 from 18. A paratus for extracting rindoil from stationary means formingan enclosure having walls defining apath of travel for the whole fruit. the walls of said enclosure spacedtransverselyoisaidpatbadistancemateriallygreatcrtbanthelargestdimensionoitheifliitbeing treated, said'path of travel rthe fruit between said unobstructed to permit the fruit i to move treelytherein, rind oil eeneo entng pro- :iections'ons'aid means, saidprojections being oi a length suiiicient tometmtethe rindoil 06118" orthe fruit but being, 01' insuiiicientdength to penetrate the juice cellsor the i'ruit meanssfor 7 "moving said movablemeans to carry the fruitthrough its path of travel at high velocity to cause it to be repeatedlythrown and bounced in said enclosure into oil cell opening contact withsaid projections, thetruit being therebyrepeatedlyturnedtobringsubstantiallyits entireex ternal area intocontact with said projections,

meansior spraying liquid onto the fruit dunns its movement through saidpath to the rind oiltromtheopenedcellsotthemritandmeans ior v themixture pf rind, d and liquid.

